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Second Catilinarian conspiracy
The second Catilinarian conspiracy, also known simply as the Catiline conspiracy, was a plot, devised by the Roman senator Catiline, with the help of a group of fellow aristocrats and disaffected veterans, to overthrow the Roman Republic. In 63 BC, Cicero exposed the plot, forcing Catiline to flee from Rome.
==Composition of the conspiracy==
Catiline began to attach many other men of senatorial and equestrian rank to his conspiracy, and like him many of the other leading conspirators had faced similar political problems in the Senate.〔Sallust, ''Bellum Catilinae'' (XVII )〕 Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, the most influential conspirator after Catiline, had held the rank of consul in 71 BC, but he had been cast out of the senate by the censors during a political purge in the following year on the pretext of debauchery.〔Dio Cassius (XXXVII.30.4 ); Plutarch, ''Cicero'' (17.1 )〕 Publius Autronius Paetus was also complicit in their plot, since he was banned from holding office in the Roman government. Another leading conspirator, Lucius Cassius Longinus who was praetor in 66 BC with Cicero, joined the conspiracy after he failed to obtain the consulship in 64 BC along with Catiline. By the time that the election came around, he was no longer even regarded as a viable candidate. Gaius Cethegus, a relatively young man at the time of the conspiracy, was noted for his violent nature. His impatience for rapid political advancement may account for his involvement in the conspiracy.〔Cicero, ''In Catilinam'' (III.16 ) (IV.11 )〕 The ranks of the conspirators included a variety of other patricians and plebeians who had been cast out of the political system for various reasons. Many of them sought the restoration of their status as senators and their lost political power.
Promoting his policy of debt relief, Catiline initially also rallied many of the poor to his banner along with a large portion of Sulla’s veterans.〔Cicero, ''In Catilinam'' (II.8 ) (IV.6 ); Cicero, ''Pro Murena'' (LXXVIII-LXXIX ); Sallust, ''Bellum Catilinae'' (XXXVII.1 )〕 Debt had never been greater than in 63 BC since the previous decades of war had led to an era of economic downturn across the Italian countryside.〔Cicero, ''De Officiis'' II.84〕 Numerous plebeian farmers lost their farms and were forced to move to the city, where they swelled the numbers of the urban poor.〔Sallust, ''Bellum Catilinae'' (XXXVII )〕 Sulla's veterans were in bad economic straits as well. Desiring to regain their fortunes, they were prepared to march to war under the banner of the "next" Sulla. Thus, many of the plebs eagerly flocked to Catiline and supported him in the hope of the absolution of their debts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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